Nuclear Medicine

Sunday, 18 September 2005 01:13 |

What is Nuclear Medicine?

Nuclear Medicine Gamma Camera

Nuclear medicine is a subspecialty within the field of radiology. It comprises diagnostic examinations that result in images of body anatomy and function. The images are developed based on the detection of energy emitted from a radioactive substance given to the patient, either intravenously or by mouth. Generally, radiation to the patient is similar to that resulting from standard xray examinations.

What is it used for?

Nuclear Medicine Bone Scan

Nuclear medicine images can assist the physician in diagnosing diseases. Tumors, infection and other disorders can be detected by evaluating organ function. Nuclear medicine can be used to:

Analyze kidney function
Image blood flow and function of the heart
Scan lungs for respiratory and blood-flow problems
Identify blockage of the gallbladder
Evaluate bones for fracture, infection, arthritis or tumor
Determine the presence or spread of cancer
Identify bleeding into the bowel
Locate the presence of infection
Measure thyroid function to detect an overactive or underactive thyroid

How is the procedure performed?

You are given a small dose of radioactive material, usually intravenously but sometimes orally, that localizes in specific body organ systems. This compound, called a radiopharmaceutical agent or tracer, eventually collects in the organ and gives off energy as gamma rays. The gamma camera detects the rays and works with a computer to produce images and measurements of organs and tissues.

Is there any preparation required?

Usually, no special preparation is needed for a nuclear medicine examination. However, if the procedure involves evaluation of the stomach, you may have to skip a meal before the test. If the procedure involves evaluation of the kidneys, you may need to drink plenty of water before the test.

Are there any risks associated with Nuclear Medicine?

Because the doses of radiopharmaceutical administered are very small, nuclear medicine procedures result in exposure to a small dose of radiation. Nuclear medicine has been used for more than five decades, and there are no known long term adverse effects from such low dose studies. As with all radiologic procedures, be sure to inform your physician if you are pregnant. In general, exposure to radiation during pregnancy should be kept to a minimum. Allergic reactions to the radiopharmaceutical can occur, but are extremely rare.

How do I get my results?

A radiologist who has specialized training in nuclear medicine will interpret the images and forward a report to your doctor. It usually takes a day or so to interpret, report and deliver the results. In some cases your radiologist may discuss the results with the patient on the day of the examination.